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    <h1 class="head-title">SQL 性能难点比较</h1>
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      <span class="post-info-item"><i class="iconfont iconcalendar"></i>十月 22, 2022</span>
      
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            <p>汇聚各个时间段，关于SQL的一些难点问题，他们掌握之后又很容易忘记，全部汇总在这里</p>
          
        
        <h2 id="1-IN-与-EXIST-的对比"><a href="#1-IN-与-EXIST-的对比" class="headerlink" title="1. IN 与 EXIST 的对比"></a>1. IN 与 EXIST 的对比</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">WITH</span></span><br><span class="line">  boundays <span class="keyword">AS</span> (</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">SELECT</span></span><br><span class="line">        code,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MIN</span>(<span class="keyword">close</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> min_all,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MAX</span>(<span class="keyword">close</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> max_all,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MIN</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="type">date</span> <span class="keyword">BETWEEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span>::<span class="type">DATE</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="type">INTERVAL</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2 year&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> <span class="keyword">close</span> <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> min_2y,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MAX</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="type">date</span> <span class="keyword">BETWEEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span>::<span class="type">DATE</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="type">INTERVAL</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2 year&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> <span class="keyword">close</span> <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> max_2y,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MIN</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="type">date</span> <span class="keyword">BETWEEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span>::<span class="type">DATE</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="type">INTERVAL</span> <span class="string">&#x27;1 year&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> <span class="keyword">close</span> <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> min_1y,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MAX</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="type">date</span> <span class="keyword">BETWEEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span>::<span class="type">DATE</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="type">INTERVAL</span> <span class="string">&#x27;1 year&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> <span class="keyword">close</span> <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> max_1y,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MIN</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="type">date</span> <span class="keyword">BETWEEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span>::<span class="type">DATE</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="type">INTERVAL</span> <span class="string">&#x27;3 month&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> <span class="keyword">close</span> <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> min_3m,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MAX</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="type">date</span> <span class="keyword">BETWEEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span>::<span class="type">DATE</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="type">INTERVAL</span> <span class="string">&#x27;3 month&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> <span class="keyword">close</span> <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> max_3m,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MIN</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="type">date</span> <span class="keyword">BETWEEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span>::<span class="type">DATE</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="type">INTERVAL</span> <span class="string">&#x27;1 month&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> <span class="keyword">close</span> <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> min_1m,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">MAX</span>(<span class="keyword">CASE</span> <span class="keyword">WHEN</span> <span class="type">date</span> <span class="keyword">BETWEEN</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span>::<span class="type">DATE</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="type">INTERVAL</span> <span class="string">&#x27;1 month&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">THEN</span> <span class="keyword">close</span> <span class="keyword">END</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> max_1m</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">FROM</span></span><br><span class="line">        history.kline_day <span class="keyword">AS</span> d</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="type">date</span> <span class="operator">&lt;=</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">AND</span> <span class="keyword">EXISTS</span>(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">SELECT</span> dd.code <span class="keyword">FROM</span> history.kline_day <span class="keyword">AS</span> dd <span class="keyword">WHERE</span> dd.date <span class="operator">=</span> d.date <span class="keyword">AND</span> dd.date <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">        )</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--         AND code IN (</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--             SELECT code</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--             FROM history.kline_day</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--             WHERE date = &#x27;2023-05-19&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--         )</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span></span><br><span class="line">        code</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span></span><br><span class="line">    code,min_1m,min_3m,min_1y,min_2y,min_all,max_1m,max_3m,max_1y,max_2y,max_all</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> boundays</span><br><span class="line">;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>– 这个比较中<br>– EXISTS 用时 626ms<br>– IN 用时 7896ms</p>
<h2 id="2-PostgreSQL-日期字符串转时间戳"><a href="#2-PostgreSQL-日期字符串转时间戳" class="headerlink" title="2. PostgreSQL 日期字符串转时间戳"></a>2. PostgreSQL 日期字符串转时间戳</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> public.speed_test_log (id, server_id, client_id, status, ping, download, uploading, <span class="type">time</span>) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">VALUES</span> (<span class="built_in">EXTRACT</span>(EPOCH <span class="keyword">FROM</span> <span class="type">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2024-04-05 13:00:06.181&#x27;</span>), <span class="number">101</span>, <span class="number">100</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">7.18</span>, <span class="number">9.90</span>, <span class="keyword">null</span>, <span class="type">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2024-04-05 13:00:18.211&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> public.speed_test_log (id, server_id, client_id, status, ping, download, uploading, <span class="type">time</span>) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">VALUES</span> (<span class="built_in">EXTRACT</span>(EPOCH <span class="keyword">FROM</span> <span class="type">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2024-04-05 13:00:23.511&#x27;</span>), <span class="number">100</span>, <span class="number">100</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">7.74</span>, <span class="number">1.96</span>, <span class="keyword">null</span>, <span class="type">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="string">&#x27;2024-04-05 13:00:35.539&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> id, <span class="type">time</span>, TO_TIMESTAMP(((id::<span class="type">FLOAT</span>)<span class="operator">/</span><span class="number">1000000</span>)) <span class="keyword">AT</span> <span class="type">TIME</span> ZONE <span class="string">&#x27;Asia/Shanghai&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">AS</span> id_time</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> speed_test_log</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="4-PostgreSQL-判断和识别数据类型"><a href="#4-PostgreSQL-判断和识别数据类型" class="headerlink" title="4. PostgreSQL 判断和识别数据类型"></a>4. PostgreSQL 判断和识别数据类型</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> id, pg_typeof(<span class="type">time</span>) <span class="keyword">AS</span> <span class="type">time</span>, pg_typeof(meta_ping) <span class="keyword">AS</span> meta_ping, pg_typeof(<span class="built_in">EXTRACT</span>(EPOCH <span class="keyword">FROM</span> (<span class="type">time</span> <span class="operator">-</span> <span class="type">INTERVAL</span> <span class="string">&#x27;8 H&#x27;</span>))) <span class="keyword">AS</span> <span class="type">timestamp</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> speed_test_log</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>查询结果</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">id</th>
<th align="left">time</th>
<th align="left">meta_ping</th>
<th align="left">timestamp</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left">1712639156782552</td>
<td align="left">timestamp without time zone</td>
<td align="left">json</td>
<td align="left">double precision</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="5-PostgreSQL-数组转多行"><a href="#5-PostgreSQL-数组转多行" class="headerlink" title="5. PostgreSQL 数组转多行"></a>5. PostgreSQL 数组转多行</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> u.element</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> <span class="built_in">UNNEST</span>(<span class="keyword">ARRAY</span>[<span class="string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;b&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;c&#x27;</span>]) <span class="keyword">AS</span> u(element);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> u.element, u.position</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">FROM</span> <span class="built_in">UNNEST</span>(<span class="keyword">ARRAY</span>[<span class="string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;b&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;c&#x27;</span>]) <span class="keyword">WITH</span> ORDINALITY <span class="keyword">AS</span> u(element, position);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>查询结果</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">element</th>
<th align="left">position</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left">a</td>
<td align="left">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">b</td>
<td align="left">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">c</td>
<td align="left">3</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>

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